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Waves of coffee:
The coffee market develops in waves and the development is best described as five waves of development. Each wave has their defining characteristics and factors that make them unique and special. In a nutshell, the waves can be described as following;
- 1st wave – traditional coffee culture – commodity driven, mass consumption and dominance of bulk brew filter coffee
- 2nd wave – branded chains – coffee shop culture, customised espresso-based beverages and globalisation
- 3rd wave – artisan coffee – focus on quality, micro-roasting, handcrafting and sourcing transparency
What is the 4th wave of coffee?
In the recent years we have started to see the 4th wave in different places and it is starting to be an every day thing in the big cities like London, Berlin, New York and Tokyo. The 4th wave celebrates the science of coffee and the obsession to detail and perfect taste experience.
The defining characteristics of 4th wave of coffee are;
- science of coffee
- accurate measurement in brewing
- deep understanding of properties of coffee
- water chemistry
- development of brewing equipment
What is The 5th Wave?

From now on, the global coffee industry will see a greater influence from high quality boutique chains adopting a more advanced set of business practices, and delivering well-crafted artisan concepts at scale.

The 5th Wave is characterised by hyper-professionalism, operational excellence, investment in technology, and training and people development programmes – ultimately supporting valuable career paths for a new breed of hospitality professionals.

Successful 5th Wave brands will be unashamedly business-focused, and driven by genuinely passionate leaders, to deliver authentic and principled concepts that deeply connect with savvy millennial audiences.
Waves of coffee:

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